Interests and repetitive behavioral patterns.

These questions target the following eight primary aspects related to autism: The interview includes 92 questions that have to be answered by parents or caregivers of children with autism. This is the most specific and sensitive method to diagnose autism in children. This tool is often used by the parents, caregivers, or teachers of children with autism. They are more specific and provide more clinically relevant information than obtained using the Autism Behavior Checklist. These inventories are based on the DSM-IV criteria for the diagnosis of PDD and other psychiatric conditions in children. This checklist is usually filled by a caregiver and not the physician. The Autism Behavior Checklist is a commonly used tool that has 57 items that target several domains of behavior relevant to autistic disorder. Several objective lists have been developed and validated for the categorical diagnosis of PDD. These assessment tools are aimed at categorizing the diagnosis as autism, Asperger syndrome, or PDD not otherwise specified. Future interventions are tailored based on the two chosen symptoms. It helps evaluate different symptoms of a disorder and guides parents to identify one or two symptoms that cause the most concern. This tool addresses the concerns of the parent.

This tool helps determine the impact of the disorder on the daily functioning of the child. Measure the severity of PDD and its impact on factors such as IQ development. Additionally, this diagnosis may entail many implications regarding the prognosis of the condition and the possibility of improvement in the future.Р”Р‡or anР’В accurate and objective diagnosis of PDD in children, the following three sets of tools should be primarily used for evaluation: Categorical diagnosisР”В¬onfirm the diagnosis of PDD followed by the determination of its type. These observations cause concern to caregivers about their children either being on the autistic spectrum or having a less severe form of PDD.Р”Вue to the chronicity of the diagnosis, physicians often hesitate to diagnose the condition as PDD. Clinical Evaluation of PDDР”В¬hildren suspected to have PDD are usually brought to the clinic based on the following observations: The reason behind this gender difference in the prevalence of PDD is still unknown. Due to this limitation, the diagnostic criteria may result in the underestimation of autism spectrum disorders.Р”Р„utism is four times more common in boys than girls. This means that children with autism might have a wide array ofР’В heterogeneous genetic mutations. PDD has been explained by the observation that autism and AspergerР’В syndrome are phenotypic diagnoses rather than pathology-oriented diagnoses. These children are diagnosed as PDD not otherwise specified. Unfortunately, many children with severely impaired social skills do not meet the criteria for either autism or Asperger syndrome. Developmental disorder not otherwise specified Asperger syndromeР”Р„sperger syndrome is rare compared to other types of PDD and has an estimated prevalence of 1РІР‚вЂњ5 cases/10,000 children. The prevalence of autistic disorders in children is around 10РІР‚вЂњ20 cases/10,000, making it the most common specific type of PDD. The prevalence of specific forms of PDD is available from large and well-constructed epidemiological studies. The combined estimated prevalence of PDD is 40РІР‚вЂњ60 cases/10,000 children. Epidemiology of PDD Developmental disorders Aggression, tantrums, and self-injury are common traits in such children. In addition to the clear association with seizures, children with autism also tend to exhibit severe mental retardation. This imbalance is associated with impaired social interaction, repetitive behavior, and restricted communication, which are a hallmark of children on the autistic spectrum. Recent research has provided evidence for inhibition/excitation imbalance in children withР’В autism and is in favor of excitation in the temporal and frontal lobes. This correlation between autism and epilepsy has opened doors to evaluate neuroinflammation and inhibition/excitation imbalance as possible pathologies in autism spectrum disorders.

The exact mechanism of the development ofР’В seizures in autism is still unclear however,the mTOR pathway has been implicated to be common to both autism and specific forms of idiopathic generalized epilepsy.Р”Р„dditionally, the electroencephalogram of up to 60% of children with autism shows epileptiform discharges. Individuals with autism or Asperger syndrome are at an increased risk of developing seizures and epilepsy. Recently, a lot of research has been focusing on the pathophysiology of autism and its association with other neurological and psychiatric disorders.

Pervasive disorders